Big Ideas
Big Ideas
Our personal fitness can be maintained or enhanced through participation in a variety of activities at different intensity levels .
- Key questions:
- How do intensity levels affect my fitness?
- Which activities will support my personal fitness goals?
- How do I choose the appropriate intensity level for the activity?
Knowing how our bodies move and function helps us stay safe during exercise.
- Key questions:
- What are some safety features to be aware of when exercising?
- How do proper movement patterns ensure safety when exercising?
Following proper training guidelines and techniques can help us reach our health and fitness goals.
- Key questions:
- How will following a fitness plan help me reach my fitness goals?
- How do exercise guidelines influence my fitness goals?
Making healthy choices can help us reach our health and fitness goals.
- Key questions:
- How do my health choices affect my fitness goals?
- Why is recovery an important part of my fitness plan?
Content
Learning Standards
Content
anatomical terminology
for example, joint movements (e.g., “flexion” and “extension” at the elbow in a biceps curl)
skeletal system, including bones and joints
could include bones such as femur, humerus, tibia, and ulna, and joints such as shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, and ankle
ways to train the muscular and cardiovascular systems
- could include:
- muscular system: resistance training
- cardiovascular system: jogging, running, circuit training, interval training
different types of muscle, including cardiac and skeletal muscle
- Cardiac muscle is the heart muscle.
- Skeletal muscles move the bones in the body and are part of the muscular system, which helps control body movement.
relationships between energy systems and muscle fibre types
- Fast-twitch muscle fibres have a high anaerobic capacity as well as a fast speed and high force of muscle contraction. These are exercised in, for example, sprint and power activities.
- Slow-twitch muscle fibres have a high aerobic capacity as well as a slow speed and low force of muscle contraction. These are exercised in, for example, endurance activities.
different types and functions of connective tissue
- Tendons connect bones to muscle.
- Ligaments connect bone to bone.
components of an exercise session
- warm-up
- exercise
- cool-down
exercise safety and etiquette
- training practices (e.g., avoiding overtraining and dangerous practices)
- breathing techniques (e.g., breathing out during exertion and breathing in during the “easy phase”)
- spotting (e.g., helping others complete their repetitions in weight-training activities)
ways to monitor and adjust physical exertion levels, including heart-rate monitoring and repetition ranges
for example:
- 13-15 for muscular endurance
- 8-12 for muscular hypertrophy
- 3-5 for muscular strength
principles of program design, including training principles to enhance personal fitness levels, such as the FITT principle, SAID principle
- a guideline to help develop and organize personal fitness goals based on:
- Frequency – how many days per week
- Intensity – how hard one exercises in the activity (e.g., percentage of maximum heart rate)
- Type – the type of activity or exercise, focusing on the fitness goal (e.g., jogging for cardio endurance)
- Time – how long the exercise session lasts
Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demand: the body will react and respond to the type of demand placed on it (e.g., a student’s flexibility will eventually improve if he or she participates in regular stretching activities).
, and specificity The types of exercises chosen will determine the kinds of fitness improvements (e.g., a student who wants to improve his or her flexibility levels would perform stretching exercises).
effects of different types of fitness activities
could include:
on the body
- strengthening muscles and bones in activities where you have to move and/or control some type of weight (e.g., fitness circuits and/or jumping and landing)
- strengthening heart and lungs in activities where you are moving at a fast pace (e.g., jogging or running) for periods of time (e.g., games, swimming, biking)
- reducing stress and/or anxiety levels in activities where you can participate outside and/or elevate the heart rate
sources of health information
influences of food choices and eating patterns on physical performance
- Key question:
- What strategies can I use when planning my daily meal plan?
performance-enhancing supplements and drugs
short-and long-term impacts of legal and illegal supplements and drugs (e.g., steroids, creatine, protein powder, weight-loss pills)
Curricular Competency
Learning Standards
Curricular Competency
Healthy and active living
Participate daily in physical activities designed to enhance and maintain health components of fitness
- Key question:
- Which activities target the health components of fitness?
Identify, apply, and reflect on strategies used to pursue personal fitness goals
- Key questions:
- What strategies can I use in order to participate daily in physical activities?
- How did my chosen strategies affect my fitness goals?
Identify and describe the relationships between healthy eating, overall health, and performance in fitness activities
- Key questions:
- How does my eating affect my energy levels?
- What eating choices can I make to support my overall health and performance?
Analyze health messages from a variety of sources and describe their potential influences on health and well-being
- could include:
- medical professionals
- websites
- magazine and TV advertisements
- retail stores (e.g., vitamin/supplement stores)
Analyze a variety of fitness myths and fads
- Key questions:
- How realistic are fitness claims made in magazines and online articles?
- What strategies can I use to determine the validity of a fitness myth or fad?
Plan ways to overcome potential barriers to participation in fitness and conditioning activities
- Key question:
- What are some possible barriers to my participation in fitness and conditioning activities throughout the year?
Explain how developing competencies in fitness and conditioning activities can increase confidence and encourage lifelong participation in physical activities
- Key questions:
- Which physical activities give me a sense of accomplishment and confidence?
- How might my self-esteem be influenced by my fitness levels?
Human anatomy and physiology
Human anatomy and physiology
- Key questions:
- How do I train the different muscle groups in my body?
- Which fitness and conditioning activities train which different muscles in my body?
Identify and describe how muscles produce movement in different parts of the body and how to train those muscles
Identify and describe the influences of different training styles on fitness results
Principles of training
Develop and demonstrate appropriate exercise techniques for a variety of fitness activities
Create and implement a personalized fitness program
incorporating a variety of activities to achieve fitness goals
- Key question:
- What features are needed to create an effective fitness program?
Identify and describe how different types of fitness activities influence the muscular and cardiovascular systems
- for example, using interval training to train the anaerobic energy system
- Key question:
- How might circuit training affect both the muscular and cardiovascular systems?
- Key question:
Social responsibility
Demonstrate a variety of leadership skills in different types of fitness activities
Demonstrate appropriate behaviours in different types of fitness activities and environments
Apply safety practices in different types of fitness activities, for themselves and others